LO3 & 6 genre theory revision

Genre

Barry Keith Grant (1995) : All genres have sub-genres, and are devisable by generic elements.

Patrick Phillips (1996) : Genre offers audiences 'Comfortable reassurance' and genres fulfil audiences pleasures

Branston and Stafford (1999) : genres help to minimise risk and predict expenditures

Rick Altman (1999) : Emotional pleasures , visceral pleasure and intellectual puzzles 

David Bordwell (1989) : any theme may appear in any genre,



Narrative

Pam Cook (1985) : The standard Hollywood narrative structure should have :
enigma resolution - solve a problem
narrative closure - the audience has a definite ending usually happy 

Tzvetan Todorov (1977) :
- A point of stable of equilibrium
- the stability is disrupted, creates disequilibrium
- action against the disruption
- new equilibrium

Claude Levi - Straus (1958) : Binary opposition 

Representation

Laura Mulvey (1975): The representation of women

Stuart Hall (1995) : western and white cultures continue to represent different ethnicities in a negative way

Earp & Katz : Men are often represented as violent and controlling


Effects by the media 

George Gerbner and Larry Gross (1979) Cultivation theory, the longer you watch television the more you think that television is reality,
E.g people think that if you don't have big boobs your not gonna be happy and find love

Stanley Cohen (1972) moral panics and folk devils is when the mass media demonise a group of people or product
e.g the media has created the idea of cosmetic surgery being a folk devil


Representation in the media 

Stuart Hall (1980) all representations are mediated and encoded

Perkins (1979) not all stereotypes are negative

Alvadadro (1987)/ Hall (1995)  ethnicity is seen as exotic, dangerous, humours, pitied

Turton (2014) Hooligans cause trouble this is especially targeted at black and asian boys

Lloyd (1995) girls are 'double deviant' this meaning that if they commit crimes they are seen as double bad as men