Use of Sound Diegesis - The 'story world', world of narrative, How real the diegesis appears is linked to the verisimilitude Verisimilitude - The appearance of being real e.g Eastenders has a high verisimilitude Diegetic sound- sound that appears as though its coming from within the story world of the film or tv programme e.g dialogue, tone, accent, dialect, SFX. These are added during production or post production to create meaning,Sound effects and dialogue are planned carefully in pre production. Foley- sound effects that are created in a studio and added in production/post production, foley artists would create ; a door creaking,A water splash, a physical slap.
Non-diegetic sound- Sound clearly not coming from within the story world, e.g incidental music or non diegetic sound effects.
Incidental music- Music added to an incident e.g a fast up tempo beat for a car chase, added in post production.
Non-diegetic sound effects- Sound effects that connote a meaning, unrealistic effect used for emphasis.
Sound motif- a sound badge, when a character has an associated music when it appears e.g Darth Vader
Theme music - another form of non diegetic music.
Sound bridge/Sonic Bridge - a sound editing technique that works with cutaways to give the audience more information
Diegetic
Lapping water on the bay
Dialogue between British officers
gunshots
planes overhead
Non-Digetic
Clock ticking
heartbeat drum motion
intense dramatic music
Round up - Use of sound
- learnt about sound motif and glad we revisited diegetic and non diegetic as couldn't remember the difference
Editing Techniques
Action Match-- an action match is where an action began in one shot is commuted in the next shot disguising the fact that there has been a cut, the movement is continuing throughout two different camera shots. Shot reverse shot -Juxtapose two images in order to create a link between them.
Cross Cutting-Also known as parole editing refers to an editing sequence that cuts between two or more narrative events are occurring in different places, usually simultaneous, its used to give the sense of meanwhile. Cutaway - an interruption of a continuously filled action by inserting a view of something else, its usually followed by a cutback to the first shot, Cutaway edits relate to the main action or provides more information about the story or location. Insert shot -An insert shot is a close up shot designed to draw the audiences attention to something that was only part of the previous shot. Sometimes an insert shot is hot through the point of view shot meaning we are looking at the object as the character. Eye line Match-A kind of shot-reverse-shot structure, this showing what a character is looking at
Mise-en-scene & Camerawork Analysation of Dunkirk Trailer
Dunkirk is an historical drama film brought out in 2017, The audience for this film is a mass audience of 16-80, The film would attract all ages and would be attracting an older generation 60-80 due to the relatability they can have to the film due to their experience in time periods close to the movie settings, The younger audiences 16-25 would've been aimed at during the casting off the film as the popular artist Harry Styles who is seen as an ideal self/partner is a main protagonist due to his debut acting this would create a larger mass audience for the film.
The genre of this film is historical drama this hybrid of genre is due to the film being a recount of a famous historical event however they show the audience a very realistic serious situation this making the movie a drama also creating the hybrid genre.
Costumes & Makeup
The costumes shown in the trailer are army uniforms, the majority of all actors shown are dressed in the army green uniform, This is expected due to it being a historical drama, The dark coloured clothes however add to the somber mood that the movie creates due to the drama genre of the film
Location/Iconography
The location of the majority of the film is a French beach, or at sea, both locations are very open however create an atmosphere of stranded and isolation, The iconography shown in the trailer is very violent for example in the trailer several of explosions are shown, however the explosions are realistic which creates a high verisimilitude and therefore makes the audience very sympathetic as you can imagine being in the scenario unlike if they were sci-fi genre explosions which the audience couldn't relate to.
Props
In the film the majority of the actors are carrying guns and have a steel helmet the connotations these props give is the immediate danger that they all face, the weapons that they carry suggest that they have to have protection at all times.
As well as the weaponry and protection we see ships and tanks throughout however we don't see them being successful in their purpose making us once again feel sympathy and draw pull the audiences attention in as we see the British army as the underdogs and therefore we want to see how the plot ends. Actions/Gestures
The gestures we see are a lot off defensive actions for example we see the actors diving clutching their hats and ducking trying to avoid either bullets or explosions, The expressions we see in the trailer is very somber and downbeat this once again creating a view of the British army as underdogs and pulls the audience in Lighting
The lighting in the film is either highkey for the daylight on the beach/sea or nighttime lowkey, the simplistic lighting in the film once again gives a very realistic impression of events, However most of the trailer has darker lighting then you would expect on a beach this is because of the dramatic tone of the film and this creating a pathetic fallacy effect on the audience.
Colour
The colour throughout the trailer is very consistent, grey and neutral tones there is minimal to none bright colours suggesting the serious tone and the somber this being a constant tone created by all 6 mise-en-scene micro features.
Shot Types
In the trailer you see lots of establishing and wide shots, these particular shot types are used extensively to outline the conditions the soldiers are facing and creating sympathy for the protagonists, The establishing shots are also used to show the overcrowding and the amount of loves at risk this creates a more dramatic tone making sure that the film fits into the drama. Camera Angles
In the advert you don't see a frequent theme of camera angles as the majority of the advert is eye level shot however in once instance you see a ship being tornadoed and therefore its sinking and all the soldiers are jumping off into the water in this scene its portrayed in a low angle highlighting the vulnerability the soldiers are facing whilst jumping off the ship.
Camera Movement
The main camera movements in the trailer as a mix of tilt, this movement is used to show the effect of the planes above the beach from the perspective of the soldiers and the distance between the planes and the beach demonstrating how the soldiers cant do anything to stop the planes and they have to hope they aren't in the location where the bombs hit, this creates sympathy from the audience towards the soldiers. Along with the movement of tilt another movement used often is panning this movement is used to show demonstrate the conditions the soldiers are living in and show the sheer volume of soldiers waiting on the beach, the constant panning once again creates sympathy for the soldiers from the audience viewing.
Sound
The digetic sound in the trailer is a vary of sounds for example in the video we hear sound effects such as gunshots, plane engines and talking between officers, all these sounds are placed to make sure that the trailer creates verisimilitude for the audience, and are placed to just reinforce the location and situation the trailer creates, This creates a realistic situation for the audience to try and relate to.
The non digetic sound heard are things such as the faint clock ticking, The heartbeat rhythm drumming and intense dramatic music, all these aspects were added in post production of the film and create a more film-like effect to the trailer and these non-digetic sounds add tension throughout, for example we see some incidental fast paced music placed to accompany a plane fight in the trailer the non digetic sound like this is added to increase the tension in the scene and highlight the pressure of the English soldiers winning.
Insert shot
In the trailer we see a soldier catching a piece of paper floating in the air, after he has caught the flyer, we then see an insert shot of what the flyer is advertising from the soldier's point of view, the fact that the audience sees the flyer from an insert shot in contrast to in the previous scene where you could barley read the writing allows the audience to connote the importance of the flyers information, The flyer actually is actually intimidating propaganda from the German soldiers highlighting that the soldiers were trapped on the beach and surrounded by the German troupes, this will later on be ironic as they manage to escape the beach however due to it being shown at the beginning of the trailer it indicates the severity of the situation.
Action Match
We also see an action match in the trailer, we see the protagonist walking however his facial expression is a mix of confusion and shock, this shot is filmed from a tracking shot making sure the shot focused on his facial expressions and this is the focal point, we then see another tracking shot however this time its from behind his head to show the audience what his emotions were about and this is when the audience see the beach full of soldiers waiting to get home, The aspect of having the action of the protagonist continue his walking motion in each shot allows the two scenes to merge together whilst applying more information about the situation to the audience. Cross Cutting
There is a lot of cross cutting happening throughout the trailer to allow the audience to get a grasp of the magnitude of soldiers on the beach and the different actions of them all simultaneously, the cross cutting is used very often to show the audience the narrative from not only the beach but the skies where fighter planes are trying to defend the soldiers on the beach. The cross cutting is edited to fit with the non-digetic ticking of a clock, with each tick we see a different soldier and there different actions this once again gives the audience a better perspective of the volume of lives that are on the beach this increase the tension when you realise no boats are getting off the shore without being blown up.
Mise-en-scene & Camerawork Analysation of Dunkirk Trailer
Dunkirk is an historical drama film brought out in 2017, The audience for this film is a mass audience of 16-80, The film would attract all ages and would be attracting an older generation 60-80 due to the relatability they can have to the film due to their experience in time periods close to the movie settings, The younger audiences 16-25 would've been aimed at during the casting off the film as the popular artist Harry Styles who is seen as an ideal self/partner is a main protagonist due to his debut acting this would create a larger mass audience for the film.
The genre of this film is historical drama this hybrid of genre is due to the film being a recount of a famous historical event however they show the audience a very realistic serious situation this making the movie a drama also creating the hybrid genre.
Costumes & Makeup
The costumes shown in the trailer are army uniforms, the majority of all actors shown are dressed in the army green uniform, This is expected due to it being a historical drama, The dark coloured clothes however add to the somber mood that the movie creates due to the drama genre of the film
Location/Iconography
The location of the majority of the film is a French beach, or at sea, both locations are very open however create an atmosphere of stranded and isolation, The iconography shown in the trailer is very violent for example in the trailer several of explosions are shown, however the explosions are realistic which creates a high verisimilitude and therefore makes the audience very sympathetic as you can imagine being in the scenario unlike if they were sci-fi genre explosions which the audience couldn't relate to.
Props
In the film the majority of the actors are carrying guns and have a steel helmet the connotations these props give is the immediate danger that they all face, the weapons that they carry suggest that they have to have protection at all times.
As well as the weaponry and protection we see ships and tanks throughout however we don't see them being successful in their purpose making us once again feel sympathy and draw pull the audiences attention in as we see the British army as the underdogs and therefore we want to see how the plot ends. Actions/Gestures
The gestures we see are a lot off defensive actions for example we see the actors diving clutching their hats and ducking trying to avoid either bullets or explosions, The expressions we see in the trailer is very somber and downbeat this once again creating a view of the British army as underdogs and pulls the audience in Lighting
The lighting in the film is either highkey for the daylight on the beach/sea or nighttime lowkey, the simplistic lighting in the film once again gives a very realistic impression of events, However most of the trailer has darker lighting then you would expect on a beach this is because of the dramatic tone of the film and this creating a pathetic fallacy effect on the audience.
Colour
The colour throughout the trailer is very consistent, grey and neutral tones there is minimal to none bright colours suggesting the serious tone and the somber this being a constant tone created by all 6 mise-en-scene micro features.
Shot Types
In the trailer you see lots of establishing and wide shots, these particular shot types are used extensively to outline the conditions the soldiers are facing and creating sympathy for the protagonists, The establishing shots are also used to show the overcrowding and the amount of loves at risk this creates a more dramatic tone making sure that the film fits into the drama. Camera Angles
In the advert you don't see a frequent theme of camera angles as the majority of the advert is eye level shot however in once instance you see a ship being tornadoed and therefore its sinking and all the soldiers are jumping off into the water in this scene its portrayed in a low angle highlighting the vulnerability the soldiers are facing whilst jumping off the ship.
Camera Movement
The main camera movements in the trailer as a mix of tilt, this movement is used to show the effect of the planes above the beach from the perspective of the soldiers and the distance between the planes and the beach demonstrating how the soldiers cant do anything to stop the planes and they have to hope they aren't in the location where the bombs hit, this creates sympathy from the audience towards the soldiers. Along with the movement of tilt another movement used often is panning this movement is used to show demonstrate the conditions the soldiers are living in and show the sheer volume of soldiers waiting on the beach, the constant panning once again creates sympathy for the soldiers from the audience viewing.
Sound
The digetic sound in the trailer is a vary of sounds for example in the video we hear sound effects such as gunshots, plane engines and talking between officers, all these sounds are placed to make sure that the trailer creates verisimilitude for the audience, and are placed to just reinforce the location and situation the trailer creates, This creates a realistic situation for the audience to try and relate to.
The non digetic sound heard are things such as the faint clock ticking, The heartbeat rhythm drumming and intense dramatic music, all these aspects were added in post production of the film and create a more film-like effect to the trailer and these non-digetic sounds add tension throughout, for example we see some incidental fast paced music placed to accompany a plane fight in the trailer the non digetic sound like this is added to increase the tension in the scene and highlight the pressure of the English soldiers winning.
Insert shot
In the trailer we see a soldier catching a piece of paper floating in the air, after he has caught the flyer, we then see an insert shot of what the flyer is advertising from the soldier's point of view, the fact that the audience sees the flyer from an insert shot in contrast to in the previous scene where you could barley read the writing allows the audience to connote the importance of the flyers information, The flyer actually is actually intimidating propaganda from the German soldiers highlighting that the soldiers were trapped on the beach and surrounded by the German troupes, this will later on be ironic as they manage to escape the beach however due to it being shown at the beginning of the trailer it indicates the severity of the situation.
Action Match
We also see an action match in the trailer, we see the protagonist walking however his facial expression is a mix of confusion and shock, this shot is filmed from a tracking shot making sure the shot focused on his facial expressions and this is the focal point, we then see another tracking shot however this time its from behind his head to show the audience what his emotions were about and this is when the audience see the beach full of soldiers waiting to get home, The aspect of having the action of the protagonist continue his walking motion in each shot allows the two scenes to merge together whilst applying more information about the situation to the audience. Cross Cutting
There is a lot of cross cutting happening throughout the trailer to allow the audience to get a grasp of the magnitude of soldiers on the beach and the different actions of them all simultaneously, the cross cutting is used very often to show the audience the narrative from not only the beach but the skies where fighter planes are trying to defend the soldiers on the beach. The cross cutting is edited to fit with the non-digetic ticking of a clock, with each tick we see a different soldier and there different actions this once again gives the audience a better perspective of the volume of lives that are on the beach this increase the tension when you realise no boats are getting off the shore without being blown up.
Bridget Jones's Baby is a film produced by Universal Pictures who are owned by the conglomerate company Comcast, The film was brought out in September 2016 and was highly anticipated due to it being the third instalment in the Bridget Jones's series, The film received mixed reviews however produced 212 million US dollars in the box office on its release.
Due to Universal pictures being a subsidiary to the conglomerate Comcast during advertisement for the film they could use horizontal integration meaning advertisement within the conglomerates subsidiaries, For example E! the popular online news website who is also a subsidiary of Comcast did a lengthy article, promoting the film with exclusives from the premiere night.
The film had both traditional and digital advertising, due to it being a very high profile film release Universal Pictures was able to advertise diversely, for example the film was advertised on billboards, newspapers and radio stations.
Along with the more traditional side of advertisement they also ensured to produce digital advertisement for example they created social media accounts on all platforms posting regularly about the upcoming movie, electronic posters and adverts on frequently visited sites such as YouTube.
The traditional distribution channels used by Universal pictures, were cinemas and Dvd's
And the more digital distribution channels used to distribute the films are Netflix, Now tv, Sky movies, All these sites are streaming services which are paid for by the audience, The range of distribution channels, both traditional and digital ensure all target audiences are aimed at and maximise all profits and exposure for the film and companies involved.
Distribution channels that promote the film are also subsidies to Comcast, these channels being cable networks such as NBC, Universal Television etc, as well as Comcast owning television stations which would distribute the film they also own companies that are used to buy and sell movie tickets, their most popular being named Fandango, This being a subsidiary of Comcast its promotion of Bridget Jones's Baby on its site is also a way of advertisement and distribution of the film.
Throughout the advertisement all the several subsidiaries who cross media advertised the film used similar house styles and fonts in their advertising, this consistent theme helped the advertisement of the film hugely as people could visually see the co-operation through different companies and quickly recognise the film, however some advertisement for the film that crossed between platforms e.g magazine didn't adapt to this house style and instead just used images of the actors or other recognisable features for example the magazine Entertainment shown above.
Radio audio adverts, used more for local companies
Film adverts
TV adverts
Film trailers
magazine adverts
Video games adverts
poster Billboard
2. Digital Methods
Social media , e.g instagram, facebook, twitter, These adverts having interactive content for the audience including hyperlinks.
e-billboards
online recommendations / push marketing
QR Codes
Celebrity endorsement
App adverts
3.The impact of technological convergence
Ranges of technology that merges together to create services
Music
Books
Calculator
Finance
Keyboard
Videogames
Radio
TV
phone service
Are all found on mobiles phone in 2018, and therefore is called a blackbox. Part of technological convergence is portability for the user and the highest efficiency, Digital natives are generations that grow up in the age of technology. Web 1 means websites that couldn't be interactive and only were used for reading information, Web 2.0 are websites that can stream, have downloadable images, hyperlinks etc. Web 3.0 is a website that will cater around its audience and will be personalised for you.
Henry Jenkins, (2006) "We now live in a convergence culture"
My use of technological convergence
alarm
emails
music
instagram
snapchat
news
credit card
passport
e-books
tickets
SYNERGY
When a brand or product is marketed across different platforms to maximise its success or profit.
Conglomerate - made up of companies Subsidiaries - companies owned by conglomerates Independent - not owned by another company, operates by itself Cross Media Ownership - When a company makes more than one type of media Mogul - People who own vast amount of companies Commercial - Makes a profit Public Service Broadcaster - funded by the publics money e.g BBC Joint Venture - Works with other companies, both finding it beneficial e.g when Sumo Digital worked with SEGA. Horizontal Integration - e.g 21st Century Fox products are promoted by Fox TV, Sky, Star TV, Talk Radio,Fox Home Entertainment, The Sun. Vertically integrated - 20th Century Fox produces, distributes and owns mediums that allow audiences to consume products
Technological Convergence - The converging off technology that were once seperare to one device in order to perform a service for the audience.g the iPhone 8 can contain music,news,financial and other apps.
Synergy - When a branded product is advertised across platforms to maximise profit. Black Box Devices - A phrase used to reference a device which has many different technologies inside often used when discussing technological convergence, e.g. a mobile phone
